chore: secrets-store-provider-azure v1.8.2-5

[jiashun0011]

What this PR does / why we need it:
/kind feature

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

For CVE fix.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates the cached Azure Secrets Store CSI provider image for Linux VHDs to address vulnerabilities and incorporate upstream fixes.

Changes:

• Updates v1.7.2 → v1.8.2-5.
• Applies the multi-architecture image across supported Linux VHD variants.

Package Update Analysis: secrets-store-provider-azure

Version change: v1.7.2 → v1.8.2-5 (minor update)
OS variants affected: Ubuntu, Azure Linux/Mariner, Flatcar, Azure Container Linux
OS variants NOT updated: Windows—not applicable to this entry

Change	Description	Risk
Feature	Adds AKS identity-binding support	🟡 Medium
Security	Secures provider socket permissions using umask	🟢 Low
Bug fix	Prevents JSON logger nil panics	🟢 Low
Bug fix	Corrects managed-identity client ID handling	🟢 Low
Bug fix	Corrects UNIX-socket health-check parsing	🟢 Low
Dependencies	Updates Go, Kubernetes, crypto, gRPC, and telemetry dependencies	🟡 Medium

No API-breaking changes are documented in the v1.8.1 or v1.8.2 releases. The MCR-specific -5 rebuild has no separate public changelog, so its precise CVE and image-size impact could not be verified.

Overall Risk: 🟡 Medium
Recommendation: Validate image availability, architecture manifests, and VHD caching before merge.

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